Note: The headings on this list indicate the Macintosh System bundle names; the bullet points indicate the version of the System File included in that bundle. This is to make it clearer for people searching for specific bundle versions as opposed to System File versions. Finder File versions are not indicated. 1 Classic Mac OS 1.1 Macintosh System Software (0 - 0.3) 1.1.1 System File 1 1.1.2. On January 24, 1984, Apple Computer Inc.’s chairman Steve Jobs took to the stage of the Apple’s annual shareholders meeting in Cupertino, to show off the very first Macintosh personal computer in a live demonstration. Macintosh 128 came bundled with what was later called the Mac OS, but then known simply as the System Software (or System).

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The first Macintosh was introduced on January 24, 1984, by Steve Jobs and it was the first commercially successful personal computer to feature two known, but still unpopular features—the mouse and the graphical user interface, rather than the command-line interface of its predecessors. MacOS Big Sur elevates the most advanced desktop operating system in the world to a new level of power and beauty. Experience Mac to the fullest with a refined new design. Enjoy the biggest Safari update ever. Discover new features for Maps and Messages. Get even more transparency around your privacy.

Within the Disk Utility program, First Aid is a functionfor checking and repairing file system errors.

On this page:

When to use First Aid

If your computer is crashing frequently, displaying cryptic errormessages, or exhibiting unusual behavior, you can use First Aid as afirst step to check for defects and, in many cases, repair them. If,however, your volume has suffered severe corruption, you may need touse other utility programs or repair methods.

Even if you are not getting errors, it is a good idea to run First Aidperiodically. This preventive maintenance can help keep smallproblems from developing into bigger ones.

Using First Aid

Note: For help with correcting permissions problemsrather than file system errors, see ARCHIVED: Using Mac OS X, how do I repair permissions, and what does that do?

To check your startup disk, run First Aid from your softwareinstallation DVD:

1. Insert the DVD, and then restart your computer. To force yourcomputer to boot from the DVD, hold down thec key.
2. Follow the instructions on the screen, and when the menu barappears, from the Utilities (Mac OS X 10.5 andlater) or Disk Utilities (Mac OS X 10.4) menu, selectDisk Utility.
3. In the column on the left, select the volume you want to repair,and then on the right, click the First Aid tab. You canselect multiple volumes by holding down theCommand key while clicking the volumes.
4. To begin a verification process (a simple check for errors), clickVerify Disk. To verify and repair any problems on the selected volume(s), click Repair Disk. You can stop the scan at any time byclicking Stop Verify or Stop Repair.

Results

The results of a verification and/or repair will be posted in thewindow. Run First Aid repeatedly until you see thefollowing message at the end of the scan, where disknameis the name of your disk:

The volume 'diskname' appears to be OK.

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Note: Some volumes can be verified but not repaired(e.g., the startup disk, the volume where Disk Utility resides, awrite-protected disk such as a DVD-ROM, or a disk that has openfiles). First Aid will warn you if one of these conditions exists whenyou select a volume.

Handling problems First Aid cannot repair

Occasionally, at the end of a scan, a message similar to the followingwill appear:

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'Scan complete. Problems were found, but Disk First Aid cannot repairthem.'

This indicates that some of your files may be more severely damaged.To repair this damage, you can either back up your disk and reformat,or obtain a more comprehensive disk repair program. Two such programsare DiskWarrior from Alsoft, andTechTool Pro from Micromat ComputerSystems.

Since the release of System 1 in January 1984, Apple has played an integral role in designing and implementing the graphical user interface (GUI) as we know it.

With the announcement of OS X Mountain Lion this week, Apple is continuing the process it started with Lion by streamlining the connection between the Mac and iOS.

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We wanted to take a look at some of the biggest changes in the history of the Mac Operating System over the last 28 years. Looking back, I can't help but be struck by how many elements of the original Macintosh OS are still there more than 30 years after the project started taking shape.

It's a testament to the work of Bill Atkinson, Andy Hertzfeld, Bud Tribble and the other members of the original Macintosh team that so many aspects from System 1 have become integral to personal computing as we know it today.

There are a few phases in the evolution of the Mac OS that are of particular note. System 7 was the longest-running release for Apple (until OS X); it shipped with all Macintosh machines from 1991 to 1997. If you're in your mid-to-late 20s and used a Mac in elementary or middle school, chances are it was running some iteration of System 7.

One of the many challenges Apple faced in the 1990s was figuring out a new operating system strategy. As revolutionary as the original Mac OS work was, by 1994 it was starting to look stagnant and stale. This was especially true after the first release of Windows NT in 1993, which cemented Microsoft's place in the corporate and enterprise space.

After the Copland project was cancelled in 1996, Apple was left to search for an operating system it could acquire. That led to the purchase of NeXT and its NeXTSTEP operating system.

Not only would NeXT technology serve as the foundation for the future of Apple as it is known today (OS X and iOS are direct descendants of NeXTSTEP), it was responsible for bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple.

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It would end up taking ten years from the beginning of the search for a next-generation Mac OS. But the hunt finally reached its quarry with the release of Mac OS X in 2001. But it would take until Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar) before the system was really able to hold its own.

Over the last decade, OS X has evolved into a powerful desktop and server platform — while also serving as the core for iOS. With OS X Mountain Lion, Apple is bringing more of the elements and features of its mobile OS to the desktop.

Vintage computer fans who want to take a look at more screenshots of classic Mac OS versions should check out Marcin Wichary's GUIdebook Gallery and Nathan Lineback's collection of GUI history.

Gallery created by Chelsea Stark